Health Education and Promotion Models Assignment

wellness Education and Promotion Models - Assignment ExampleOn the contrary, the participatory design is aimed at creating successful partnership wellness promotion interventions. In addition, the Precede health promotion program supplying model has eighter phases as discussed. The first phase involves defining the ultimate issuing. It focuses on what the community wants and needs. It may seem misrelated to the issues of phase one. Phase two is for identifying the issue. In this phase, one looks for the issues and factors that might cause or influence the outcome identified in phase one. Phase three involves examining the factors that affect behaviour, lifestyle and responses to the environment. In this period, factors that will construct the behaviour and environmental changes in phase two are. Step four identifies best practices and other sources of management for intervention design, as well as administrative, regulation and policy issues that influence the implementation of the program or intervention. Phase five is all about implantation. This step involves doing just that setting up and implementing the interventions that have been think for. Step six is for process evaluation. This phase is about the procedure but not results. Impact valuation is for stage 7. One begins by evaluating the initial success of the efforts. Step 8 is for Outcome Evaluation. The interventions must be working to bring about the outcomes the community identified in step 1.Proceed health promotion planning model has four assumptions. In this model, its assumed that health and other issues are essentially quality-of-life issues. It that health and other issues must be looked at in the context of the community. Health is in addition a shape of factors that add up to a healthy life for individuals and communities. It that behaviour change is by and large voluntary, health promotion, is more likely to be effective if its participatory (Green and Kreuter2005).Health belief model is also a

If you were given one million dollars to spend how would you spend it Essay

If you were given one million dollars to die how would you spend it you cannot use it for yourself,familymembers or friends - Essay ExampleWhat if I have to spend it nonetheless? What would I do and where would I spend it?The question is abrupt and took me by surprise. It was a while before my polished grey cells started to work again. I theory, pondered, mused and laughed. I had numerous thoughts and each thought was powered by another, more distinct idea. Clearly imaginative, my cerebration was now starting to bog my rationality. It was time I took a final decision and the decision had to be a wise one. The moment I gave it a thought, my mind stopped churning ideas. A simplistic decision to spend it on others had simplified the constitutional procedure and allowed me to slip out of my utopia. The next thought was the execution of my plan.In order to simplify the scenario, the million dollars were to be spent for charitable use. With that in mind, I narrowed my thoughts to sele ct the best charitable option. Even as I pondered, I had a retrospect which was nothing but a reflection of my past. It involved a close friend who had spent a majority of his life running in and out of rehabilitation centers. His drug abuse had spilled water on a promising career and his life had been reduced to a human waste.Taking cue from the higher up example, I set out to locate a suitable property dealer and bought an acre of wasteland. The hundred honey oil dollar bill was substantial to transfer the property to my name. The next step involved hiring an expert detergent builder who transformed the wasteland into a fully functional rehab center. I then enrolled the necessary staff and took the require permission to kick start the rehab center. A month later, the rehab had treated over a hundred patients for free, provided affair to fifteen nurses and five doctors besides a dozen maintenance employees. As I had no remedy over the money, the rehab was transferred under t he care of a local non governmental organization.Well, if you thought that I spend the entire amount on the purchase of land, the

Adherence Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adherence Reaction Paper - seek ExampleOn Mondays and Fridays, I also include my vitamin B-6 tablet, which I am required to take in two ways per week. This concludes my morning routine, but not the medication feed for the day. At night, I take another calcium carbonate and a capsule and a half of Zoloft, which, as it warns, does make me drowsy and helps me get to cessation at night.There are several things that help me adhere to this regimen. I have a anovulant caddy that I refill every week and carry with me everywhere I go. The rattle of it reminds me to concord if I have taken my medication yet while the proper dosage of each birth control pill for each day is already there for me. This is especially helpful for the odd B-6 pill that I am only supposed to take twice per week and is thus easy to forget. During the week, when I have a more(prenominal) regular schedule thanks to my volunteer job at the library, it is relatively easy to go on myself on this regimen. I have to get up at a specific time in the morning anyway in order to get ready for my job and the evenings remain relatively guarded so that I can get enough sleep for tomorrows work. On the weekends, though, it becomes more difficult because I want to sleep in later, but still get hungry at the same time and I want to stay up later, but the Zoloft continues to make me sleepy. I am motivated to continue taking the medicine, though, out of fear of having a heart attack or simply not be capable of eating comfortably if that horrible heartburn feeling returns.At the same time, there are many things that make me wish I could just scrap the regimen altogether. When I am not volunteering, it is nice to lose all track of scheduling constraints. I akin to sleep in late and take my time on various things. On these days, I am usually ravenously hungry when I wake up but have to put this on hold if I want my medications to be effective. This is

The perfect age to get married Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The perfect age to get married - canvass ExampleMarriage is a serious institution that is respected by both culture and law. This organism the case, it should be approached in a careful humanityner due to its delicate nature. One of the major reasons why in the recent times many marriages are ending up in divorce is because every both or ane of the partners was not ready to enter into marriage in the first place. In fact, in the past, 50 percent of marriages in America have ended up in divorce (Gibson). For example, quite a number of people get into marriages either because they were forced into it by situations or coerce from various aspects of life. A good example is when a young lady gets married to a man as a result of getting an unwanted pregnancy. This is especially common among teenagers and people in their early(a) 20s. For me to arrive at the conclusion that one should get marriage at the age of 35 thither are various factors that I have put into shape. Firstly, at the age of 35, a normal soulfulness with the right priorities is well matured both physically and emotionally. This stipulates that he /she has seen their share of life, thus, they know how to track divergent situations in the right way. Physically, particularly in women, ones body is fully developed to handle pregnancies since in most cases children often accompany marriage.The other factor to be put in consideration is education. By the age of 35, irrespective of which profession one has undertaken, most people who are focused in life will have completed their education, and will most probably be working. For professions that require one to undertake studies for a long time, one is likely to be in their specialization phase of their professional person education, by the time they are 35 years. This ensures that one can support themselves financially, as well as be able to support the family that comes with marriage. Another issue that makes 35 the perfect age

One article analyses and make the Recommend marketing strategies to

One analyses and make the Recommend marketing strategies to the relevant cloths industry on your analysis of the chosen phenomenon - Article Examplends End were rated the best by the respondents primarily because these online retailers provided precise descriptions of the habit and correct sizing information. Equally important in the superior ranking of these clothiers was the fact that they had an easy to browse, informative website. Majority of the respondents likewise felt that they got true value for money spent on online clothes-shopping.The survey also revealed the flip side of online clothes-shopping. There were major issues with size accuracy of the clothes, which impeded customers intending to buy clothes online. go clothes and costs associated thereon was considered a huge disadvantage by many respondents. 72 percent of the respondents complained about the lack of transparency in divulging shipping costs by online retailers. There were certain instances of account mis takes and wrongly filled orders.In addition to these problems, consumers refrain from online shopping because of privacy concerns and issues regarding security of financial transactions. most customers find online shopping very confusing (Colberg 2002).The analysis of the survey reveals that customers are not satisfied, among other things, with the service of exchange of goods purchased online. The online clothing retailers should make the butt of returns trouble-free for the consumers. A straightforward and transparent policy regarding this cheek will provide a huge boost to their sales (Rosencrance 2000). Many consumers would be tempted by a generous returns policy that promises to exchange the item or simply return the item and take the riposte of its purchase price.The retailers can provide the consumers prepaid U.S. Postal Service labels which are valid for a certain period of time. The customers can use these labels for returning the apparel with which they are not satisf ied. This will make the process of returns simple and inexpensive for the unsatisfied customer. With an easy returns policy in place, customers

(option 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(option 2) - Essay Example completely the wars and tragedies that occurred in this century were as a result of one thing, indifference. Indifference refers to a state where a person can non distinguish between cruelty and companion, dusk and dawn, crime and punishment, good and evil, light and darkness. Indifference is an good act that is mostly practiced by throng who want to live normally, have fine meals, and obligate their sanity, while the world around them perish in suffering.Indifference as a vice has make many slew to overlook other peoples despairs and pains. In this situation, most people ar only interested in striving for their own safety and success, and this makes them to avoid rude interruptions to their dreams, hopes and work. This means that, people who are indifference consider their neighbors despairs and pains as of no consequence to their lives. Their indifferences reduce their neighbors to abstractions. For instance, most people who have never been into the prisons are totally unaware of what happens behind the black gates. The prisoners unremarkably perish in suffering, surviving on unhealthy food and wrapped in torn clothes. Most of them have doomed their sense of self worthiness, and they are even unaware of where they are strangers to their environment. Indifference is also an associate of enmity. This is because it usually only benefits the aggressors, but non the victims whose sufferings and pains intensifies as they feel forgotten and abandoned. The aggressors always do not respond to the plights of hungry children, homeless refugees, and political prisoners in their cells. This makes the victims to lose hope in fighting for a brighter future by regaining their human memory.As we are moving into a new millennium, it is most-valuable for people who are still indifference to learn from the Nineteenth Centurys events that, this act is not only a sin, but it is also a punishment. With indifference, it

Culture group presentation (American Indian) Essay

Culture group presentation (American Indian) - Essay Example any this contributes to the manner in which in which one would regard his or her profession and make contribution towards natality of the culture and profession. These cultural distinctions are easily observed in a day to day labor movement is carried on by an individual as well.In a country like India, in medical profession, especially doctors are considered to be miracle workers. The trust on the medical profession is immense. Along with the medical dressing the doctors receive, it is expected that the doctors would be empathetic and compassionate towards the patient whom they are treating with their knowledge. Both these qualities come naturally in the Indian race. Making elderly patients feel comfortable in the dispensary, for ex giving them a playscript while they climb up and down the hospital cots, talking to them to quiet their fears, helping their relatives, will all have a basic element of treating the elder s with respect and love which is taught to Indians since their childhood. This factor will be perfectly evident in the manner in which the Indian doctors will treat their patients.Another different characteristic of Indian psychology will be turning to alternative medicine rather than allopathic medicines. Indian traditional medicine also believes in the well being of a person, that is the spiritual, physical and psychological proportion of a human being. The harmony in these three factors contributes to the kempt life of a human immensely. and so the western medicine is also increasingly tilting towards meditation and yoga. Doctor scientist such as Dean Ornish has efficaciously used Indian therapies in his famous experiment of reversing heart disease and leading a healthy and balanced life. It is not only about homeopathic medicines but also about naturopathic or ayurvedic medicines which tidy sum have been taking without any medical consultation and trusting them. Medicinal property ingredients

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

guidance Accounting - Essay ExampleManagement accounting also comprises the preparation of financial reports for non-management groups such as shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies, and tax authorities. (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1992)It was against a background knowledge of an increase in industrial production in the 19th century and throughout the middle of the twentieth century that managers saw the importance of cost accounting following a tremendous increase in investment in factories, natural resources and equipment. (Freitas, 2002). During this era managerial accounting and cost accounting had no finish off distinction as managerial accounting was often taken to mean the same thing as cost accounting. (Freitas, 2002). Managerial accounting began shifting focus from cost accounting sometime around the mid-sixties as a result of the growth of the service industry and the rapid growth of financial institutions, which brought around a change in the accounting environment. (Freita s, 2002).In addition, this era also saw the emergence of the nous of human resource accounting as well as a significant change in the area of managerial accounting research. ... (Freitas, 2002). There were however difficulties with this accounting as it were difficult to decide how to return a value to the human resources. (Freitas, 2002). Firstly, they motiveed a method to account for human resources secondly in that location was the need for a model and concepts for measuring the costs and value of people as organisational resources. Thirdly, there was the need for experiments to harbour the approach in an actual organisation this was difficult as organisations were not willing to look as sites for the experiments. (Freitas, 2002). And the fourth and last stage was to test empirically, human resource accounting information in a behavioral context. And the 5th stage like the 3rd one needed additional experiments to apply human resource accounting technologies to a variety of managerial problems. (Freitas, 2002).Most of what is known today as Management accounting such as standard costs, overhead rates, opportunity cost and profit centres were referred to as costs accounting and not management accounting. Also Management Accounting was not included in the School Curriculum of many schools. (Cunha, 2002).Introduction of management accounting as a course highlighted cardinal important differences from cost accounting. Firstly, management accounting took into consideration the fact that the end numbers were used by people for decision-making and therefore took into consideration how such information could influence their behaviour and thus the idea of behavioural accounting. (Cunha, 2002). Secondly cost accounting was too much concerned with full costing (finding the true cost) patch management accounting considered a wide range of topics. (Cunha, 2002).Management accounting has gained a lot of realisation as

Strategic Management Discussion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic focal point Discussion Paper - Essay Examplesupposed to save time since tasks would not have to be passed from one team to an opposite if a cross functional team is used to handle the blameless production cycle. The idea is also helped by the emergence of duty education systems which allow the sharing of information between departments making cross functional teams more powerful than departmental teams alone.There argon some situations where reengineering is not only a good point on the agenda, it becomes a necessity for survival. The emerging e-business milieu and the world of online sales means that not only the business models followed by companies but also the methods of doing business have to be changed (Rayport and Jaworski, 2000). The case of Apple is a prime example where the business process as well as the way sales were made by the company were changed and reengineered due to the availability of technology and the presence of a new business process (Smith, 2006). Of course there underside be situations where a reengineering of a process may not be viable such as the operations of a hospital where health of the patient may be more important than simple profits or an airport where safety is often more important than efficiency.A high level of turnover at a company can be sign of many different things but given the other situations which are present at the company, it seems that there are quite a few problems at Milinder recycle which are leading to the present situation of high turnover amongst new employees. While it is heartening to cope that most of the older employees have been retained, the lack of new hires sticking it out shows that there is a monumental problem with the recruitment and retention process for junior members (Welch, 2005).The company needs to establish an orientation curriculum as well as provide some on the job training for new recruits who can be shown why Milinder is a good company to work for. Since the com pany has noticed that older employees are easier to retain they can

Unit 3 Organisational Behaviour, Unit 5 Aspects of Contract and Assignment

Unit 3 Organisational Behaviour, Unit 5 Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business, Unit 31 E-Business Operation - Assignment ExampleValid contracts act as tools for a business enterprise that tidy sum be used as defence mechanism to protect its resources. Contract is essentially a forebode between two or more parties, and the promise is legally bound with the implication that court of virtue will intervene in case there is any breach of the promise (Ryan, 2005, p.3). There argon various essential elements for the formation of a valid contract. First of all, there must be an whirl made by one or more parties and acceptance of the provide by other parties. An offer is a legally bound promise which means all the terms and conditions attached to the offer dupe been sure by both(prenominal) parties. Acceptance occurs when the party responding to the offer expresses agreement to the offer, and the acceptance must be explicit and unequivocal as law will not consider an offer a s accepted merely because it has not been expressly refused. There must also be a clear figure of both parties to enter into a legal relationship. The parties to the contract should also be capable to enter into a legal relationship like the involved persons should be adults, mentally accord, and mentally alert so that they are aware of the terms and conditions of the contract. A person is considered an adult when he or she is of legal age requirement. In most countries the legal age requirement is 18 years. A person is not considered mentally fit if he has been declared mentally incompetent by the court. Finally, a contract signed by an intoxicated person is not considered as valid contract since such a person is not mentally alert to become aware of the terms and conditions of the contract. There should also be free consent from both parties, i.e. neither party should force the other party to enter into a contract. When a valid text file is signed it becomes a legally bound c ontract and is assumed that all the terms and conditions have been understand by both the involved parties.A contract is made up of various terms

Comparative politics 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative politics 4 - Essay role modelThe petroleum is excavated in areas of Niger Delta, which also happens to host most of the oil color industries and part of the Nigerian slum population. The geographic expedition of the petroleum, commonly addressed as the black gold, and the growth of the petroleum industries have led to special issues that the citizens feel need to be addressed, for the peace and ontogeny of their nation. The existence of petroleum not only benefits the Nigerians, unless also negatively affects them hence it is an overwhelming blessing in terms of economic development and investment, tho also a curse due to environmental degradation, corruption, and human violation among others within the people. How Nigeria Benefits Economic development The Nigerian economic performance has been shaped up through sale of petroleum products. It generates most of its taxation from the exportation and domestic sales of the oil products, compared to other goods from o ther sectors. According to Balouga, onshore oil exploration has greatly improved the nations daily production capacity, to approximately 2.3 million place on a daily basis, and eventually raised her proven reserves to nearly 37 billion barrels ( 2012, 23). In the Nigerian economy, more than ? of the gross earning comes from petroleum sales, domestically and internationally (especially through trading with the US and European nations). The oil industry contributes to Nigerian GDP, though not entirely all of the industrys value added products get to be retained in Nigeria, due to the numerous involvements of foreign operators in the industry. In addition to the ratio of the GDP, the government collects huge amounts of tax from the foreign and local companies operating in oil industries, influences the purchasing power of the society through spending on goods and services, and enhances foreign exchange reserve (Odularu 2008, 11-13). unadulterated oil and natural gases are major sourc es of push in the country, providing the industries and refineries with a readily and cheap energy source for its smooth operations. Although the economy has experienced slow and minimal growth compared to other oil producing countries and competitors, it is unmixed that oil money continues to transform the nation. Investment and employment Since the discovery of crude oil, the numbers of companies established in Nigeria have grown immensely, boosting the oil industry more than other sectors such as agriculture and fisheries. These take on several joint venture companies like Shell (the largest), which produces about 50 percent of Nigerias oil, and the other joint ventures being operated by Chevron Texaco, Exxon Mobil, TotalfinaElf and ENI/Agip (Odularu 2008, 8). These are many investors that directly work in Nigerias oil industry others are indirect investors, who participate in economic development. According to Balouga, investment in Nigerias oil industry currently amounts to about $18 billion annually and is anticipated to outgrowth over time (2012, 25). Over time, refineries have been established after 1950, increasing the ability to refine their products. front and second Port Harcourt, Warri and Kaduna refineries have developed to enhance their processing capabilities, even though they operate on a lower floor their expected capacities. The Nigerian population continues to benefit from the employment opportunities in oil companies, from the basic activities

Tapit Wordlwide Professional Job Search System Essay

Tapit Wordlwide overlord think over Search System - Essay ExampleIn fact, most of the online recruitment forms receive the nurture online. But, it has been seen that the study has not been used in a discreet manner. There has been a deal of leakage of the information to various sources. This has lead to tremendous loss for the applicants. The consumers cannot be sure about the privacy of the supplied information.It has been observed that thither have been a lot of instances of spamming in a number of areas. This has led to the blocking of the inbox by unwelcome mails. There have been question marks over the credibility of the website over the data being supplied from triune sources. So, the customers have not been provided with the necessary information about the legitimate military control openings.There are instances in this case where the filled in jobs have not been removed from list of available jobs. This leads to a lot of instances to a lead that had not been active, but was still showing on the job boards. This was against the promise of the guild that it was posting fresh jobs. It also created unnecessary problems for the job seekers by providing them with unnecessary type of information. It was also against the promises of the company. This was the factors that led to the negation of promises made by the company about the type of services being provided.Tapit Professional Worldwide job search system allows the upload of any resumes by the users. This leads to a two pronged problem. First, the users do not get access to the specified sorting of jobs. Secondly, there is a lack of understanding of the proper kind of the applicants. There is also an issue being faced by the companies that had uploaded the requirements. It ends to overload the number of applications, leading to a number of false applications for any job. This also creates problems for the companies that have done the postings.So, it can be seen that Tapit Worldwide Professional Job

Ottoman history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

footstool history - Research Paper exemplarOccupying this important chokepoint, the puffs were up to(p) to derive a great deal of riches based upon control and worry of the trade that forever flowed between East and West. Much like the Byzantines before them, the Ottoman empire served as a link between Europe and Asia in greatly benefited from the profits of the exchange that was perennially sleek over these geographic boundaries. Although there can be many identifications and definitions for the means by which the Ottoman pudding stone was able to exert such world-beaterful degree of influence, military might, and cultural dynamism, it will be the settle of this analysis to discuss and analyze the means by which a pervasive in approximately continuous process of centralisation can ultimately be understood as the most powerful active that allowed the Ottoman Empire to survive and thrive for such a very long period of time. As such the following analysis will trace this tr end through three different thirdhand sources The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization, The Ottoman Empire, and The Ottoman Empire and the World around It. Whereas other, lesser powers, have grown powerful, wealthy, and wherefore almost mysteriously vanished into the annals of history, the Ottoman Empire, through this process of centralisation, was able to oversee and ensure that the act strength and wealth that such a process had previously been able to integrate was furthered into the future. This process was cite specifically by the book The Great Ottoman Turkish Civilization.... Rather, the only one dimensional scene of centralisation refers to the level to which a central figure in power structure oversaw, directed, analyzed, and guided nearly every decision that was made within the state/Empire. Accordingly, the multidimensional aspects of what centralisation needs implies will be discussed and analyzed as a means of integrating the reader with an understanding of how cent ralisation was ultimately bear on within the Ottoman Empire (Cicek 47). Moreover, by identifying the level and extent to which centralisation played with regards to ensuring that the Ottoman Empire remained resilient and strong, the author will further be able to detail particular practices and unique approaches that the Ottoman Empire utilized with regards to dealing with its large, multi-religious, and multiethnic population. The second text under consideration within this analysis, The Ottoman Empire, argues that centralization played an important role within the administration and direction of any empire so much so that it helped to define and constrain the way in which the entire process of imperial power was directed. By the very nature of Empire, it is a system in which territories and peoples that are otherwise not necessarily similar to the conquering power are incorporated into the governing structure (Kia 82). As a service of this incorporation, the Empire is usually m ade relatively wealthier, more populous, and more secure due to the fact that it has been able to extend its boundaries beyond the regions to which it previously laid claim to. Yet, the fundamental drawback that has been seen by a host of imperial powers within the past is the fact that the

American Expansionism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ameri squirt Expansionism - Essay ExampleIn the period from 1890 to 1920, the US economy functioned in an optimal manner achieving impressive results. In 1900, the US had 38 percent of domains wealth, which is 13 percent more than Britain. This economic might enabled leaders to rent expansionism and importantly financed it as well. Economic power set the foundations of American power, facilitating leaders to pursue grand policies (Efthymiou). The another(prenominal) related cause is that the US wanted to further develop its economy, which they wanted to achieve by capturing and tapping resources-rich territories. That is, later capturing and entering newer territories, the US looked for key resources or materials, which can be sold separately or can be used to manufacture finished goods. Those finished good were sold or exported to various countries thereby developing its economy. expansionism was driven by the idea that the American economy urgencys to grow continuously (Johnsto n 189). The trinity cause which initiated expansionism was the strengthening of its naval wing. The USs Navy Admiral of that period, Alfred Thayer Mahan only emphasized the need for a powerful navy and the creation of coaling stations in strategic regions with significance in world trade (Efthymiou). When this started actualizing, the US became confident in its expansion plans.The US expanded its role and influence finished three ways namely imperialism or armed conflicts, international diplomacy, and through the construction of the Panama Canal. In 1898, the US declared a war on Spanish territories in the Caribbean and totally dismantled the diminish Spanish Empire. So by evicting Spain, the US fortified its advantageous grip on the Caribbean, built a naval base in Cuba, and even annexed Puerto Rico (Efthymiou). It further extended its influence into the Pacific by capturing Philippines and Guam. The US also expanded its influence by actively

Market target paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

food market target - Research Paper Example stigmatise is therefore a name that is much wanted and is given importance by the large number who believe in high quality correspondes, which signify their privileged test and superior class all represented duly by hallmark. The watch industry has been specifically catered to by giving the audience a taste of supreme class and rich elegance, which are both(prenominal) of the most renowned and sought later attributes that one looks in a watch. Fortunately for Trademark, the owners commit unendingly believed in all these finer aspects, and hence the reason that Trademark has been able to manifest its due power inwardly the related scheme of things. The demographics for Trademark include the mass who belong to different age segments. These have comprised of the middle class segments within the socio-economic realms as well as the elite class which believes staunchly in class and exuberance more than anything else. This is the reason why Trademark has been instrumental at creating a ceding back of its own, and is much renowned within the market. The brand is a hit within the people from these socio-economic domains, and is easily looked after by both the genders males and females. It has been able to target people from the age of 18 years up to 75 years. Such is the diversity within the watches of Trademark that it has been able to represent high quality and rich taste amongst all concerned. Trademarks owners know that they are selling on the quality tangent more than any other factor. This is the reason why Trademark is known to be a killer watch amongst the competitors, because it is able to garner quite a lot of fame and recognition due to its sophistication and the value which it brings for its buyers. The people who wear the Trademark brand look famous in their own entirety, and are hailed by people who are near and dear to them. The brand signifies that the person believes in quality and wants to look good within the people where he hangs out or goes (Swenson 1990). As far as the showroom of Trademark is concerned, it should be opened at such a place where the target audience has ease of visiting the same. They should olfactory property pride in visiting a showroom which is close to their affinity levels. It must(prenominal) represent their likeliness for the area and should most definitely be a suburb within the upscale localities of the city. There must be a proper parking spot dedicated for the people who visit this showroom because the Trademark brand means quality for its buyers, and this can only be manifested by giving them a neck 360 degree package more than anything else. Trademarks showroom should be at such a location where there is ample room for other showrooms and shops as well. However this could be a telephone number of an advantage if these showrooms and shops are not selling watches just like the Trademark brand. The exclusivity must come with a price, which indeed Trademark is charging through its customers. The brand has been able to give the best value to its buyers through remarkable selling models and packages which are tailored to look after the needs and aspirations of the people who wish to buy Trademark for their own selves, family members and friends. It is very important to ascertain what the customer really wants. He requires that the brand should give him the self-reliance that when he wants to go

Management and Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

focusing and Organisational Behaviour - Essay ExampleIt deals with the collar of thoughts, feelings and behaviors of the members the interactions being necessary in an organizational context towards effect of organizational objectives (Martin & Fellenz, 2010, pp.9-14). Human behavior at work has been studied by researchers since early judgment of convictions and the judgment of behavioral approach implies that human resources are the major contributors in the let onput of a business. Gradually with time several approaches towards understanding the human behavior have been focused for enhancing the performances of business organizations (Gupta, 2009, pp.24-25). It has been studied that several extraneous factors may affect the organizational processes and internal behavior. These factors may also include the global economic movements, the regulations of government, alterations in technology and culture or other environmental issues (Capitalism and organizational behavior, n.d., p.11). In case of the UK, it has been obtained that the booming preservation that was prevailing in the nation was collapsed by the have-to doe withs of the recent global recess, thus affecting the organizational performances and behaviors as well. This report would primarily focus on the effects of the recession on the UK business organizations and find out the modifications in behavior approach that might benefit the firms, based on a case area of a Kingfisher plc. Impact of Recession on the UK economy and Organizational Behaviors Until the latter part of the last decade the economy of the United Kingdom seemed to be in a period of endless boom. Levels of unemployment were relatively low, hold prices were rising pretty quickly and people seemed to be reaping the rewards.However, the Credit/Liquidity Crunch and subsequent recession brought this to a crashing halt and a number of organizations have subsequently gone into administration / receivership and many to a greater ext ent have had to tighten their belts and cut costs just to survive.The UK economy was to a great extent mutualist on the services of finance and business particularly in the last decade. With an assumption that growth would put one across place inevitably, the government of the nation had an increased rate of debt, implying the recession to have had a severe impact on the economy of the country (Killick, 2008). The crisis in the UK was mainly realized in the financial sector, which represented the or so active business area for the country. The rest of the economy was thus subsequently affected. The financial calamity had positive into a credit crisis that had severe impacts on the business organizational performances affecting their abilities. Also, the consumers capability to borrow and corrupt was affected and declined to a great extent. The availability of finances from the public also started getting limited thus impacting the ability of the UK government to use fiscal poli cy to combat the crisis (Killick, 2008). A very significant love in this context of study relates to the association between the recession and the behavior among organizational members. Recession impacts the pauperization of the human resources primarily with respect to unemployment. The issue of unemployment as a consequence of economic crisis also focuses on the welfare of the employees as well as motivation. The Expectancy theory of organizational behavior, reflecting focus on individuals, facilitates the understanding of members ability to motivate themselves during the periods of recession (Sinclair, 2010). Countries like the UK have been found to manage the circumstances of recession through and through cost cutting measures that include undertaking administrative and receivership measures or layoffs leading to unemployment. Behavioral

Scope & Nature Essay Example for Free

mountain chain Nature studyThe scope of trading trading operations direction ranges across the brass. Operations forethought people are involved in product and service design, process selection, selection and counselling of technology, design of work systems, lieu think, facilities readying, and quality good of the organizations products or services.The operations function accommodates some inter cerebrate activities, such as forecasting, capacity planning, programing, managing inventories, assuring quality, move employees, deciding where to locate facilities, and more. We can use an channelline comp whatever to illustrate a service organizations operations system. The system consists of the airplanes, airport facilities, and maintenance facilities, legion(predicate)times spread out over a wide territory. The activities includeForecasting such things as weather and landing conditions, seat demand for flights, and the growth in air travel. Capacity planning, requirement for the respiratory tract to maintain cash flow and make a reasonable profit. (Too some or too many planes, or tied(p) the right number of planes but in the price places, will hurt profits.)Facilities and layout, important in achieving effective use of workers and equipment. Scheduling of planes for flights and for routine maintenance schedule of pilots and flight attendants and scheduling of ground crews, counter staff, and baggage handlers.Managing inventories of such items as pabulums and beverages, first-aid equipment, in-flight magazines, pillows and blankets, and life preservers. Assuring quality, essential in flying and maintenance operations, where the emphasis is on safety, and important in dealing with customers at ticket counters, check-in, telephone and electronic reservations, and curb service, where the emphasis is on efficiency and courtesy.Motivating and training employees in exclusively phases of operations, Locating facilities according to musi c directors decisions on which cities to forget service for, where to locate maintenance facilities, and where to locate major and minor hubs. Now consider a bicycle factory. This might be primarily an assembly operation buying components such as frames, tires, wheels, gears, and other items from suppliers, and then assembling bicycles.The factory also might do some of the fabrication work itself, forming frames, making the gears and chains, and it might buy mainly raw materials and a few move and materials such as paint, nuts and bolts, and tires. Among the key management tasks in either case are scheduling production, deciding which components to make and which to buy, ordering parts and materials, deciding on the style of bicycle to produce and how many, buying new equipment to replace old or worn out equipment, maintaining equipment, motivating workers, and ensuring that quality standards are met.Obviously, an airline company and a bicycle factory are completely opposite typ es of operations. One is primarily a service operation, the other a producer of goods. Nonetheless, these two operations have much in common. some(prenominal) involve scheduling activities, motivating employees, ordering and managing supplies, selecting and maintaining equipment, satisfying quality standards, andabove allsatisfying customers. And in both businesses, the success of the business depends on short- and long- stipulation planning.The operations function consists of all activities directly related to producing goods or providing services. Hence, it exists both in manufacturing and assembly operations, which are goods-oriented, and in areas such as health care, transportation, food handling, and retailing, which are primarily service-oriented.A primary function of an operations manager is to guide the system by decision-making. Certain decisions affect the design of the system, and others affect the operationSystem design involves decisions that relate to system capacity, the geographic location of facilities, arrangement of incisions and placement of equipment within physical structures, product and service planning, and acquisition of equipment. These decisions usually, but non always, require long-term commitments. Moreover, they are typically strategic decisions. System operation involves management of personnel, inventory planning and control, scheduling, project management, and quality assurance. These are generally tactical and operational decisions. Feedback on these decisions involves measurement and Control.In many instances, the operations manager is more involved in day-to-day operating decisions than with decisions relating to system design. However, the operations manager has a vital stake in system design because system design essentially determines many of the parameters of system operation. For Example, costs, space, capacities, and quality are directly affected by design decisions. Even though the operations manager is not respon sible for making all design decisions, he or she can provide those decision makers with a wide range of information that will have a bearing on their decisions.A number of other areas are part of the operations function. They include purchasing, industrial engineering, distribution, and maintenance.Purchasing has tariff for procurement of materials, supplies, and equipment. Close contact with operations is necessary to ensure correct quantities and timing of purchases. The purchasing department is often called on to evaluate vendors for quality, reliability, service, price, and ability to adjust to changing demand. Purchasing is also involved in receiving and inspecting the purchased goods.Industrial engineering is often concerned with scheduling, performance standards, work methods, quality control, and material handling.Distribution involves the raptus of goods to warehouses, retail outlets, or final customers.Maintenance is responsible for general upkeep and repair of equipment , buildings and grounds, heating and air-conditioning removing venomous wastes parking and perhaps security.The operations manager is the key figure in the system He or she has the ultimate responsibility for the creation of goods or provision of services. The kinds of jobs that operations managers oversee vary tremendously from organization to organization largely because of the different products or services involved. Thus, managing a banking operation obviously requires a different kind of expertise than managing a steel- making operation. However, in a very important respect, the jobs are the same(p) They are both essentially managerial. The same thing can be said for the job of any operations manager no matter of the kinds of goods or services being created.The service sector and the manufacturing sector are both important to the economy. The service sector now accounts for more than 70 percent of jobs in the coupled States, and it is growing in other countries as well. More over, the number of people working in services is increasing, mend the number of people working in manufacturing is not.The reason for the decline in manufacturing jobs is twofold As the operations function in manufacturing companies finds more productive ways of producing goods, the companies are able to maintain or even increase their output using fewer workers. Furthermore, some manufacturing work has been outsourced to more productive companies, many in other countries that are able to produce goods at lower costs.Many of the concepts presented in this book confine equally to manufacturing and service. Consequently, whether your interest at this time is on manufacturing or on service, these concepts will be important, regardless of whether a manufacturing example or service.Operations management is often apply along with production management inliterature on the grammatical case. It is at that placefore, useful to understand the nature of operations management. Operations m anagement is dumb as the process whereby resources or inputs are converted into more useful products .A second reading of the fate reveals that, there is hardly any difference between the terms production management and operations management. But, there are a least two points of distinction between production management and operations management. First, the term production management is more used for a system where tangible goods are produced.Whereas, operations management is more frequently used where various inputs are transformed into tangible services Viewed from this perspective, operations management will cover such services organization as banks, airlines, utilities, pollution control agencies super bazaars, educational institutions, libraries, consultancy firm and police departments, in addition, of course, to manufacturing enterprises. The second distinction relates to the evolution of the subject. Operation management is the term that is used now a day. Production manage ment precedes operations management in the historical growth of the subjectThe two distinctions not withstanding, the terms production management and operations management are used interchangeably.Scope of Production and Operation ManagementThe scope of production and operations management is indeed vast. Commencing with the selection of location production management covers such activities as acquisition of land, constructing building, procuring and installing machinery, purchasing and storing raw material and converting them into sellable products.Added to the above are other related topics such as quality management, maintenance management, production planning and control, methods improvement and work simplification and other related areas.

Economic Cycle From 1984 To 1986 Essay Example for Free

Economic Cycle From 1984 To 1986 EssayWe can stolon define economic cycles as the reoccurrence of the involution or contraction of a countries parsimoniousness. We still have to olfactory sensation at the view of Wesley Mitchell who is the most noneworthy in the research on economic cycles. He defined business cycle as phone line cycles are a type of fluctuation found in the aggregate economic activity of nations that complot their work mainly in business enterprises a cycle consists of expansions occurring at about the same cartridge holder in many economic activities, followed by similarly general recessions, contractions, and revivals which merge into the expansion phase of the asolelyting cycle this sequence of changes is recurrent but not periodic in duration business cycles set out from more than one social class to ten or twelve course of instructions they are not severable into shorter cycles of similar character with amplitudes approximately their own. (Burn s and Mitchell, 1946, p. 3) In this paper, we would be looking at the economic cycle of the U. S economy between 1984 to 986. Nevertheless, before going into the economic cycle that existed from 1984 to 1986, it is clear that in our present snip the economy of now pulls the same trends with that of the 1980s. The present fiscal states bears the same tends too, with the borrowing made by political sympathies to come down following the substantial years of borrowing. The PSBR falld and surpl enforces were reached as the 1980s progressed.Surpluses were projected to continue on the grounds of unchanged policies. __________________ 1. Bruce T. Grimm, Alternative Measures of U. S. Economic Activity in Business Cycles and Business Cycle Dating, BEA working(a) Papers 0024, Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2005. Nevertheless, this was not the same in the early 1990s, as public finance had deteriorated markedly with the deficit reaching 7 per cent of GDP in 1993-94. Not withstanding we have t o look at the topic on board and discuss on the cycles of 1984-1986. ECONOMIC CYCLE IN 1984The economy of the United State rocketed at a fast pace for nearly two decades as the wallets of consumers went spicy and it was all about shopping spree . This was all about the recession of the 1980s with specification to the year 1984. The improverd pace of increment did not only reflect on the mode of shopping but on the spending make on business. From 1984 to 1986, there was a rapid improver in employment. The increase was so rapid that many analysts to term the United States economy as the American business domain machine. However, as the rate of employment increase, many still did not benefit from the expansion.Among the less educated young men, unemployment blush wine and the rate of labor force participating falling offd. Though there were enough jobs, many still argued the look and measurement of the American job in terms of wage, benefits, and job security was decreasing. at that place was a decrease in high paying jobs in the manufacturing sector and there were more of low paying jobs. There was a growth in part-time and temporary jobs and the less skilled workers were like an erosion of job quality. By the early part of 1984, America experienced the new period of sustained growth since realism War II.The tax cut made by government increased the rate of spending done by consumers. ______________________ 2. Burns, Arthur, and Mitchell, Wesley. Measuring Business Cycles. tender York National Bureau of Economic Research. (1946). GNP increased at an annual rate of 4. 2 percent except for the decline in 1986 to fewer than 2 percent. This was the worst in the decade. The rate of inflation was between three to five percent and the economy produced 13 million jobs. ECONOMIC CYCLE 1985 The economy of the United States go on in an upward trend from 1984 to 1986.This continued in 1985 though in a slow trend in the early year. Nevertheless, as the economi c growth continued due to healthy growth and the direct for goods and services, the domestic production suffered because most goods available where imports. The bite one-half of the year was also accompanied with perk up growth that lead to the expectation of a continued growth into 1986. Now, looking into the economy in 1985, it was noticed that the first half of the year had a irksome growth. The GNP of the last half of 1984 rose by 3 percent but that of the first half of 1985 was rose only by 1%.The worsening of the export sector and the decline in record enthronement in first half greatly offset a moderately strong increase in the purchase of domestic product goods and services. These included government purchases, business fixed investment, inspiration expenditures and residential constructions. Most of the strength in purchases where provided by U. S households. This is due to the strong growth in consumption and the increase in spending done on residential projects. B y the second half of the year in 1985, the economic growth has quickened with a 4.3 percent rise in the GNP at third quarter. The domestic final purchase increased more than that of the first half and the was a decline the rate of export. Because of the sharp _____________________ 3. Balke, Nathan S Gordon, Robert J. The Estimation of Prewar Gross National Product Methodology and New Evidence. February 1989. Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(1), pages 38-92. rundown in the domestic stocks for automobile, inventory investment, decline more than that of the first half.The governments purchases of goods and services in the third quarter were also a sharp ratifier to the purchase of domestic final products. The rise in government purchase was because of the increased use of commodity Credit Corporation Loans by farmers and large increase in defense purchases. Residential fixed investment also increased and while nonresidential fixed investments decline d. Expenditures done on personal consumption products increased strongly in third quarter of 1985. The economic growth pace in 1985 was a steady one and it was about 2. 5 percent. This was lower than that of 1984.The growth in domestic purchase increase because of the demand for personal consumption was high. Resource use and Inflation In 1985, the growth in out pose was not strong enough to reduce the underuse of resources. The rate of unemployment for the civilians fell from 7. 2 percent to 7 percent in November. Manufacturing employment declined and the payroll for nonfarm jobs increased moderately. The rate of capacity utilization in industries, which was another measure of resources use declined at about one percent point. This reflected the greater slack present in the industrial sector than in the social economy.The inflation rate was checked by the slack in the economy this was combine with the strong dollar prices on import and imports competing goods. There was a moderate in increase in the rate of labor cost and the favorable performance for food and energy prices contributed to the level of inflation in 1985. The broadest general price index _____________________ 4. Cacy, J. A. , Glenn, H. M. , and Dan, H. H. Economic Review The U. S. Economy in 1985 and 1986. December 1985. increased by 3. 75 percent annual rate over the first three quarters of 1985. the price of faultless goods sold at wholesale rose by 1.5 percent in November. This was higher in than that of 1984. The prices of food product declined significantly and there was a slight drop in energy prices. In summary, the year 1985 saw moderate U. S. demand growth being changed to a sluggish out put growth. This was because of the worsening rate of export and inventory investment. The sluggish output growth kept a large amount of resource idle. The total slack experienced in the economy, the direct influence of strong dollar, the sluttish food prices, and the weak energy prices restrained t he rate of price inflation.

Morning Bike ride Essay Example for Free

Morning hertz thrust EssayGo to the sports centre and first do a certain sport desire badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerophilic system. by and by doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you deplete been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on oxidative/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility.EveningNothing go and play with your friends or just restWeek 5 Fifth weekThursdayMorningPaper bend As this is my job, I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the thole muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do metre trials when on the focus there and back and try to improve my time to each one day.Bike ride aim to do 3 bits bike ride a twist Froyle, Bentley, Binsted etc (suggestions only) and pace yourself to advance the 3 hours. Dont worry about yieldting up to early because its a Saturday and your next activity is at 1430 but dont forget lunchafternoonGo to the park to play football or basketball at the park. This way you can enjoy yourself whilst doing an aerobic activity with some anaerobic working (sprints etc) could similarly go and find the boat and go rowing down the river and work on your upper body strength so undercuts will be easier to save. wrangle down to Binsted or further. Could also go cycling. Aim to be working for at least 5 hours.EveningWeights Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me sire and glove save. Next do 40 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called) as this will help with my hurry in hockey and permit me clear the ball further and faster. aft(prenominal)wards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the artillerys and the arm muscles.FridayMorningPaper round as this is my job I kind o f have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.AfternoonGo to the sports centre and first do a certain sport manage badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility.EveningNothing go and play with your friends or just restSaturdayMorningBike ride aim to do 3 hours bike ride around Froyle, Bentley, Binsted etc (suggestions only) and pace yourself to reach the 3 hours. Dont worry about getting up to early because its a Saturday and your next activity is at 1430 but dont forget lunchAfternoonGo to the park to play football or basketball at the park. This way you can enjoy yourself whilst doing an aerobic activity with s ome anaerobic working (sprints etc) could also go and find the boat and go rowing down the river and work on your upper body strength so undercuts will be easier to save. Row down to Binsted or further. Could also go cycling. Aim to be working for at least 5 hours.Evening Weights Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 40 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles.SundayMorningNothing to do Stay in bed or get up and do whatever.AfternoonGo to the sports centre and first do a certain sport analogous badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the a erobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility.EveningNothing go and play with your friends or just restMondayMorningPaper round as this is my job I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.Big Bike ride get a few friends together, a jammed lunch and bikes to go on a 10 hour bike ride (Inc lunch) Try not to have to many rests but also dont over wield yourself thoughAfternoonBig Bike ride get a few friends together, a packed lunch and bikes to go on a 10 hour bike ride (Inc lunch) Try not to have to many rests but also dont over exert yourself thoughEveningWeights Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 4 0 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles.

Beyond the arabin poetry Essay Example for Free

Beyond the arabin verse EssayBeyond the Arabian Poetry In the light of Arabic literature in Islamic Spain, It was peerless of the greatest lands at that time. Most of people were educated in in any case many another(prenominal) studies, ascribable to the Abd al-Rahman III one of the Umayyad Rulers. Abd al-Rahman III was interested greatly in al-Qurans and education, which locomote through him to collect a administer of books around the world. Arabic literature books were too interested by Abd al-Rahman III, which made a lot of Moslem Spains people interested on in and study it as well. Islamics and Jews were inherited in the Arabic literature which made them write stories and meter. All that had a deep effect on literature scholars and specially Jewish scholars. When they were studying Islamic, Arabic literature they were also studying Islamic literature and the make up ones mind of the family relationship of Arabic language and Islam.In that vein, many of the J ews commuteed to Islam by their deliver, But not all astir(predicate) Jews. And this raises the mind a misgiving that what are the sources and the power of the Arabic literature which doctor these Jews substituteing to Islam by their own? And it appears that the larger spiritual vision of Islamic religious traditions and the Ideology of Islamic Arabic meters are touch with that. T here(predicate)fore the Islamic traditions and the Islamic, Arabic song are the source of converting some of the Jews to Islam by their own in Muslim Spain. According to the book the Jews of Islam says Islam had its sway over Jewish cultural life too. In literature, and the arts, the Muslim influence on the Jews is enormous. (Lewis 81) It appears from that Islam touch on on Jews through literature and the arts which means by traditions and poetry.In the same note of converting the Jews to Islam, the Islamic literature was very strong, beca engross it was getting through the soul and shapes it. And writing known poems on the walls of Madden T Al-Zahra, helped Jewish to read poems in the in that time, so one downslope of any Islamic poem has that huge effect for the reader. But that script was in Arabic, how did the spoken Hebraical, Jewish did read that? What kind of influence that the script has if it has translated to Hebrew? Would it be strong as it is in Arabic?There were people in Muslim Spain who were in interested in reading Arabic poem translated to Hebrew. And according to book The Dream of the Poem for Peter Cole that it says there is a scholar who was translating poems to Hebrew by comparing meters to their Arabic models. (Cole 333). So this shows that yes by an effort of scholars the influence of Arabic poetry unplowed as itself, therefore spoken Hebrew Jews got a chance to read the Arabic poems with its influence which helped to make some of them convert to Islam.According to book of Daily life of Jews in the Middle Ages for Norman Roth he says While some J ews, indeed, born-again to Islam of their own free will in the early medieval period.(Roth 202) and also Roth said that there are some of Jewish scholars in Muslim Spain Wrote in Arabic poems for them and one of them converted to Islam as Ibrahim Ibn Sahl, as he believe(Roth 165). By reading this book or some quotes of it we will see how the poetry affected these Jews to convert, even if it is not the big condition of converting, yet Poetry was the media of the motive of converting these Jews to Islam. In that time Art was greatly considered as poems, due to the Islamic religion and the many of poets in that time, the poems were spread a lot in Muslim Spain, so it was easy for all to read them, and this shows that how the poems were the media of converting the Jews to Islam by their own.Furthermore the Jews were very interested with the Arabic poetry, and most of the Arabic poetry is describing Islam and how it is good for life. According to book of Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems i n Al-Andalusia By Shari Lowin which says Brann similarly maintains that Jews had primary knowledge of the sacred texts of Islam (Lowin 40) and this shows that Jews were affected very deeply from the poems to know about Islam which made them to go and read holy texts from the Islamic religion. notwithstanding the connection of the poetry with light by proving that holy rule book proved a lot of science statements, and that was really convincing to the Jewish to convert to Islam, because the Jewish people believe in the concrete and the system of logic (Gwynne 160), and when they found that Islam is logical with the earth and its science so they will be more attracted to convert to Islam.All that is further from a link from Arabic poetry that talks about science and how Islam in the holy record proved it. In the line with that, it proves thatJews converted to Islam by their own, because they read these sacred texts by their own and without any force from anyone, and this shows h ow strong was the Islamic literature, it affected the mind and the soul of Jews in Muslim Spain thus makes them convert to Islam. So the source of that is the literature of Islamic poetry and traditions. The poetry in Islam was very nice, great and wonderful and Muslims prophet Muhammad said to have enjoyed the poetry (Scheindlin 7), which made Muslims do great efforts to add in the Islamic poetry, which makes a lot of kind of attractive ways to Islam, which made the Jews be Muslims and be satisfied of converting, and this proves that the converting Jews in Muslim Spain to Islam by their own by the poetry.Even though the Jews reacted to most creative way of the brilliant Arab culture as I will show here according to Bargebuhr, Hispanic Jews reacted in a most creative way to the influences of the brilliant Arab culture (though without converting to Islam, as the Persians did). (Jayyusi and Marin 515) So it appears that Jews did not convert to Islam by reading that smart Arabic poems . But in the start I said some of Jews converted to Islam. And the same book said that some of Jews did not use the Hebrew language as well in reading the Islamic poems. barely they have reacted the Arabic poems not the Islamic one, but when it appears that the Hispanic Jews reacted to the smart Arabic poems it appears not the all Jews converted to Islam, but Some of them, who reacted to the Islamic Arabic Poems.The holy Quran is in Arabic and it has its language, and most of the Arabic in Muslim Spain were influenced in the holy Quran, and how it has the secret way to attract non-Muslim people to it, that are the Holy Quran ways, But the Arabs poets as I said they influenced of that and they started to work with it to attract people to Islam. And how about some of Jews Scholars had been influenced and attracted to the Quran language, and converted to Islam, they will have the power of attracting their previous people the Jews. Therefore the possibilities of converting Jews to Isl am were so high because of the many of the Converted Jews scholars to Islam, and the knowing of the Hebrew language, they will be able to know how to attract people to Islam by making good Hebrew poets, that has the attraction ways of Holy Quran. Adding knowledge to the pomes in the Muslim Spain was so great, some of the Poets added a lot of knowledge in his poems, and by clever way the poets were adding attracting language to make the Jewsconvert to Islam when they were reading knowledge.All that made the Jews convert to Islam by reading the Arabic poetry in Muslim Spain. But did these converted Jews really converted to Islam just by reading the poems? Why if they were converting to Islam just not to pay the (Jyzia) which is a tax that Muslims take it from non-Muslims people? It could be, and this would happen, but not all of Jews who converted to Islam just because of the Jyzia, because the one who converted should not be so poor to not pay a small amount of money as a tax. Moreov er a lot of poor Jews in Muslim Spain were able to pay the Jyzia, unless if that Jew is cheap or greedy, he would do that. But another question is in the mind now, which is what kind of poems affected the Jews that range to convert to Islam? We said before that the poets were Arabs from Muslim Spain and Jews scholars too who wrote poems in both languages as well, Moreover the Holy Qurans Influence which attracted all those to convert to Islam.But the kind of poems are the one which were describing Islam and how it is, and the one which described other religions, and making Islam the best of them. Moreover the poems which describes the Islamic architecture, and the science as well especially the one which discovered by Muslims scientists. However these poems are showing in its form, it talks about architecture or science, how would that help or motive or being a media to convert the Jews to Islam? The questions here is logic and it appears that it has no answer.But the answer is simp le, the poets really perplexity to make the readers being pleased reading the poems they wrote, that would not happen they appeared they are trying to let non-Muslims readers to get bored fast, or to leave the poems by thinking it is trying to make them Muslims, so the poets used a hidden way to let the readers not feeling that they added the thing that make them convert, so they added in a hidden way, for example when they want to describe the architecture, they will describe the Mosque in purpose to let the readers to be attracted to the Mosque (Ruggles 171-8) , and also if they want to write about science they write about the Muslims scientists or how Islam explained science in perfect way, all that just by great poems that did not seemed to be like that. As Ibrahim Ibn Sahl did later on he converted (Roth 165-9). In the end of this it was a clever idea to make the Islamic poetry strong to be capable to convert people by their own, and also the traditions of Muslims in Muslim S pain were a lot educated to make a lot of ways to add the Islamicsense at the poetry to make the Jews to convert.Moreover the secret way of attracting Non-Muslims to Islam was really strong because it was within the language which is the most playable media to attract people to Islam. Especially the Jews, but how about the Christians did they also converted to Islam by poems in Muslim Spain? If they did so, what was attracting them, to be converted? But are not they were jealous of Muslims who were able to convert Jews by their own, so they did the inquisition and forced people to convert to their religion by force. Or they were scare to be attracted by Muslims and then convert to Islam. And this raises the concept of Muslims verses Christians tactics of conversion. And the Muslims cultural influence verses Christians state violence.Work CitedCole, Peter. The Dream of the Poem Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain, 950-1492. Princeton Princeton University Press, 2007. Print . D, F R. Arabic Poetry and Architectural Memory in Al-Andalus. Ars Orientalis. 23 (1993) 171-178. Print. Gwynne, Rosalind W. Logic, Rhetoric and Legal debate in the Quran Gods Arguments. Hoboken Taylor and Francis, 2014. Internet resource. Lewis, Bernard. The Jews of Islam. Princeton, N.J Princeton University Press, 1984. Print. Lowin, Shari L. Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalus. New York Routledge, 2014. Print. Roth, Norman. Daily heart of Jews in the Middle Ages. New York Routledge, 2005. Print. Scheindlin, Raymond P. The Gazelle Medieval Hebrew Poems on God, Israel, and the Soul. Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society, 1991. Print. Jayyusi, Salma K, and Manuela Marin. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden E.J. Brill, 1992. Print.

Geely Automobile Essay Example for Free

Geely Automobile EssayIn the archetypical part, the ECLIPTER factors including econography, finishing, legal system, income profile, political risk, revenue enhancement regime, exchange rate and restrictions, to flummoxher with the seven-sided institutions much(prenominal) as WTO, EU and ASEAN testament be examined by using UK and Malaysia as examples. because based on this analysis, it will provide an assessment of the political partys overall(a) international expansion outline and process. In the second part, legal system and income profile, the deuce approximately important ECLIPTER factors on Geely overseas operations, will be evaluated. Further much, the scheme which Geely used to deal with the feign of these two factors and leverage the multilateral institutions will be demon. Finally, this report will analyze whether the companys international ad apt(predicate)ation of the business function is effective, and then(prenominal) give roughly recommendations and lessons. 2. ECLIPTER Factors Analysis 2. 1 Econography Econography refers to tangible and human as organises including outgo from major markets, and natural resources of nations that alter industry exercise.In the first, the close distance mingled with p atomic number 18nt company and irrelevant subsidiary fucking help the company to surmount the transport embody and overhead expenses it also support remediate the connection between them. If the p bent company is in china, it is emend to build a subsidiary in Asia such as Malaysia. Secondly, the natural resources used for making motor cars in the main include steel, copper, and aluminum. If the country owns rich mineral resources, it can greatly provide benefit in the outturn of machinemobiles. One of the major purposes for umteen multinational corporations establishing overseas subsidiaries is to exploit the contrasted natural resources.This is good for companies to 5 internationalist business organisation Env ironment II reduce production costs and get belligerent advantages. As World Steel Association reported in 2009 that the crude steel production of United nation is 13. 5 in 2008, whereas the crude steel production of Malaysia is 6. 1 in 2008. 2. 2 Culture This paragraph will analyze the effects of cultivation on auto industry through with(predicate) power distance index and saving rate. Firstly, power distance index measures the degree of inequality exists in a party (Hofstede, 1997). The power distance index is 80 in Malaysia whereas it is scarcely 35 in UK (Hofstede, 2008).The unequal dissemination of wealth makes most Malaysian citizens prefer to hold a commercial auto. So the inexpensive Geely auto could be a good option for them. Secondly, saving rate could be a standard to show the attitude of citizens. The saving rate of Malaysia was 47 per cent in the year 1998 which ranks second in Asia (Azia, 2004). In contrast, the saving rate in UK was significantly deplor satis milling machinery, which was less than 10 percent in the past ten old age. For instance, the saving rate of UK household in 2008 was save 1. 7 percent (chart 1)(Presser, 2008). So UK citizens are apt to consume a relatively high price car. Chart 1Resource from Posser (2008) 6 demesne(prenominal) championship Environment II 2. 3 Legal system The auto industry has been affected by laws and government politys since the 1960s. The first safety act passed in 1966 by Congress and was called the National Traffic and take Vehicle Safety Act (Highfill, 2004). This act forced composers to improve the safety for the riders, the driver visibility, and the braking of the car. Not only safety, but also environment is beingness growingly concerned even before the oil crisis. The Vehicle sort Pollution and Control Act passed in 1965 was the first act to set standards for motorcar pollution.Then in the 1970s, Congress passed the Clean Air Act that led to a 90% decrease in simple machine emission within the next six years (ibid). In the 1970s the oil crisis led to the plaudit of The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 which stated that all gos must meet a authorized mileage per gallon. The act required that all simple machines had to meet a standard of 20mpg by the 1980 model and then 27. 5 mpg for the 1985 model (ibid). EU 2020 growth strategy also emphasizes the importance of low carbon car (Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, 2010).There are also many special laws for auto industry in antithetical countries, such as Malaysia, which has built a free art area for production and assembly of products for merchandise-oriented enterp ejects. Companies can enjoy the minimum obligations, raw materials and simplified mechanical equipment import formalities. Nevertheless, the Malaysia government regulates that more than 80% products should export to other countries (Daily watchword, 2006). Furthermore, the UK Byers Acts Measures to cut the average price of a car by ? 1,100 and save private car bargain forers around ? 1 billion a year.Although it may lower the profitability of auto industry, the number of consumers will increase gradually (DTI, 2000). 2. 4 Income profile Since automobile is not inferior goods, the demand of automobile would rise when income increases. In the economic aspect, income could be an indicator of the purchasing power of individuals and nations. Data from UK national statistics office (2010) demonstrate that despite the contracted 4. 9 percent of gross domestic product in the substantial year, the GDP change magnitude 0. 4 percent in 7 mankind(prenominal) Business Environment II the fourth quarter of 2009. Furthermore, home base expenditure also rose 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 in UK (chart2). For Malaysia, the GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4. 5 though the figure was negative in the whole year (chart 3) (Malaysia statistics, 2010). It can be observed that the econo my of two UK and Malaysia seem to recover from the global monetary crisis. This positive signal predicts the growing demand and distensible market for Geely in both countries. Chart 2 Resource from UK statistics 2010 Chart3 Resource from Malaysia statistics 2010 8 International Business Environment II The core competitiveness of Geely automobile relies on its high performance-price ratio.Per capital GNI (Gross national income) in Malaysia was 25784 RM in 2008. By analyzing the 2004 United Nations Human development (UNHDP) report, except the 20% creation of richest and poorest class, Geely will be a better alternative for the rest citizens in Malaysia(chart 4) (Lumpur, 2004). In comparison, the young people account for a great fare of population in UK. A source from HMRC shows the average income of under 20 years is ? 9,570 and 20-24 years is ? 13,200 which is below the average (chart 5). It implies that when young multiplication decide to buy a car, price is the first consid eration factor.For medium quality car manufacture companies, young population in UK could be a potential group of guests. Chart 4 9 International Business Environment II Chart5 median value Age Band Under 20 years 20 24 ? 11,800 years 25 29 ? 17,000 years 30 -34 ? 19,500 years 35 39 ? 20,100 years 40-44 ? 20,200 years 45 49 ? 20,300 years Resource from Lumpur (2004) ? 28,600 ? 24,800 ? 35,400 ? 15,200 ? 20,100 ? 28,100 ? 24,600 ? 34,600 ? 14,900 ? 19,800 ? 26,800 ? 23,600 ? 31,700 ? 15,500 ? 20,100 ? 23,900 ? 21,600 ? 26,700 ? 16,400 ? 20,100 ? 19,300 ? 17,800 ? 20,600 ? 15,900 ? 17,800 ?13,200 ? 12,400 ? 13,800 ? 11,200 ? 12,300 ? 8,130 ? 9,570 ? 8,490 ? 9,810 ? 7,990 ? 9,250 Median Income Mean Income Income (Men) (Men) (Women) (Women) Income Income Income Mean Median Mean 2. 5 Political risk According to Guinger (2001), political risk describes the stability of government institutions. It can be measured in a variety of ways such as likelihood of foreign aggression and civil insurrection. The Transparency International (2009) showed that UK and Malaysia both face some problems of political corruption, which adversely affects the push of economic operation.World Bank estimates that corruption could cost Malaysia as much as RM10 10 International Business Environment II billion a year an amount equivalent to 1 or 2 per cent of GDP. The corruption in the UK is lighter than Malaysia, which ranked 17, whereas Malaysia ranked 56 in piece in 2009 based on Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. But the corruption in UK is not unheard. Surveys by Control risks and Simmons Simmons show that the awareness of UK laws a developst foreign bribery may be decreasing over time.In 2002, afterwards the act came into force, 68 percent of respondents said they were familiar with its main points. But in 2006, 48 percent people said that they have totally ignored it (Global Corruption Report, 2009). 2. 6 Tax political science Tax regime refers to the assess instruments th at governments use to raise revenues from multinational firms, such as corporate taxes. The tax of Malaysia is transparent, the multinational corporate must be taxed 30% of the corporate income which is just the same as Malaysia companies market directory, 2005) According to the tax incentive treaties, auto ( .industry may be eligible for pioneer military position which is given by the way of an abatement of 70% of the profits for five years (ibid). The remaining 30% of the profits will be taxed at the prevailing corporate income tax rate. The profits abated are dislodge from tax and will be available for distribution as tax-free dividends. In UK the occupier corporate tax is the lowest in Europe, even the tax is zero for the small companies in 2002(Lawandtax- parvenues, 2010). According to the tax treaties, multinational corporate which set up, purchase or control the companies in UK can follow the resident tax (Navstar, 2009).In the ordinary course of events, foreign companies cannot follow the low corporate tax, but with get wind to double taxation and the conformity between UK and China, Chinese multinational corporates in UK now pay the low tax (ibid). 2. 7 Exchange rate Stable trade policies are extremely important for both the economic welfare of the countries and the multilateral trading system. Unfortunately, the liberalization measures were adopted by many countries. As Dornbuschs 1976 analysis has pointed out that when the exchange rate is used to provide protection for domestic firms, it is through undervaluation.An undervalued 11 International Business Environment II exchange rate protects domestic firms from imports and gives domestic firms greater incentives to export. For example, the equaliser of Payments Committee of the WTO has received 39 requests from member countries for derogations from their international obligations and for a fleeting increase in temporary protection. still, several ontogenesis countries, such as Malaysia, ha ve recently increased tariffs in response to financial crises even though the higher rates remain below the rates these countries bounded in the WTO.Moreover the analysis said China has become a great auto exporter, as a solvent of the huge subsidies, an undervalued exchange rate and dirt-cheap credit (Swaminathan, 2009). 2. 8 Restrictions Restrictions refer to the taxes and limitations that host governments place on foreign products and services or on foreign firms themselves when they enter or leave the host economy. Because of the policy of protect their national automobile industry, the import tax of automobile is relatively high in Malaysia.Since 2004, Malaysia began to reduce the automobile import tax for the import components the tax is reduce from 25% to 10%, and for the whole automobile the import tax is drop from 130% to 30% for the companies outside of southwesterlyeast Asia (MEI, 2009). In 2010, according to the agreement of ASEAN, the automobile import tax will be zer o to all the regions of ASEAN. UK is a member of EU, it followed the economic agreement of EU which sets no import or export tax between members of EU and they must perpetrate the same tax when they have business with the third country (European competitiveness, 2009). 12.International Business Environment II Scoring Analysis of UK and Malaysia Country Score Econography Culture Legal System Income Profile Political Risk Tax Regime Exchange Rate Restrictions Total (10) (10) (20) (20) (10) (10) (10) (10) (100) 8 7 18 8 8 8 7 7 71 7 6 16 15 5 9 8 9 75 UK Malaysia 3. Institutions 3. 1 WTO The major objectives of WTOs roles are ? the creation of a uncouth automobile market through the elimination of demoteriers to intra-Community trade the maintenance and expansion of a competitive world automobile industry the use of voluntary import restrictions to prevent cheap imports and to maintain competitiveness?(European Commission, 2006). For example, in 2006, WTO announced the establishment of a panel to examine whether Chinas tariffs on imported auto parts hurt WTO trade rules, following a joint complaint make by the United States, the European nitty-gritty and Canada, who accused China for its discriminatory charges on imported auto parts. aft(prenominal) examining Chinas relate regulations, WTO panel declared that Chinas regulations are inconsistent with Chinas WTO obligations. China has agreed to make the necessary regulatory changes by September 2009 (Herd, 2006). 13 International Business Environment II.WTO facilitates Geelys international expansion since the elimination of trade barriers has cleared its path to world market and made it integrated to the world economy. In 2002, after China joined into WTO, 100 automobiles of Geely exported to Syria (Luo, 2005). 3. 2 EU EU functions as a rule-imposer. It sets strict requirements and institute rules and regulations to improve vehicle safety. Besides the vehicle crash tests executed by Euro NCAP (European New C ar Assessment b passagewaycast backed by European Commission), there are also some regulations set to protect the environment.First, in order to respond to the gradual aggravation of greenhouse effect, the European commission real a authorisation emission standard to limit the emission of one major kind of greenhouse gas, CO2. The regulation set a fleet-average CO2 emission channelise for passenger cars, which is 120 g/km to be reached by 2015 (European Commission, 2010). The vehicle manufacturers must reach the CO2 emission target of 130g/km, with an additional reduction of 10 g/km to be provided by supplementary measures, such as the use of hydrogen terminate.A semipermanent target of 95 g/km to be reached by 2020 is also established by the regulation (ibid). This regulation will take effect in 2012. From 2012 onwards, vehicle manufacturers who do not meet this target will have to pay penalty for their excess emissions. According to DieselNet (2010), from 2012 to 2018, the pen alties are 5 per vehicle for the first g/km of CO2 15 for the second gram 25 for the third gram 95 from the fourth gram onwards. From 2019, manufacturers will pay 95 for each g/km exceeding the target. another(prenominal) congressional mandate imposed by European Commission requires tire pressing monitoring systems on all new cars in 2012.According to Europes Information Society (2010), many road accidents resulting in fatalities and physical injuries are linked to tire defects. Furthermore, under-inflated tires can result in severely uneconomical use of fuel and cause an extra two million tons of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere per year. So this mandate enhances vehicle safety and protects the environment. 14 International Business Environment II These regulations have incurred a rise in car prices since vehicle manufacturers are forced to increase price to offset the cost of upgrading.These regulations put Geely in an unfavorable position. Since Geely is better known for making low-tech and cheap cars, making eco-friendly cars is not included in the competencies of the company and huge RD spending is inevitable for nurturing this competence. They set a high bar for the competition and limit Geelys ability to expand market in Europe. 3. 3 ASEAN ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nations is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia. China and ASEAN are both newly-emerged, rapidly-developing auto markets.Cooperation in auto industry between China and ASEAN will bring a win-win situation for the two sides and make their cars more competitive in a global competition. For instance, according to Xinhua News Agency (2006), a report released by the Ministry of Commerce Indonesia has announced that compared to the expensive Japanese sedans, the China-made ones gradually gain popularity for more favourable price-performance ratio. ASEAN country also needs couchment from Chinese carmakers to expand local traffic and for m ore price-favourable cars, said a Germany auto expert at the China-ASEAN Expo, 2006.Consequently, in general, ASEAN opens its gate to Chinese car companies including Geely to achieve a win-win situation. 4. Assessment of Geelys overall international expansion strategy Geelys real international strategy is to produce affordable automobile, so the market size and consume power of a foreign market are highly valued by Geely. Malaysia automobile market resembles China more than UK, in the aspects such as the peoples income, the similar culture, and the similar geographical position, etc.As by now most cars have been exported to some developing countries like South-East Asia, Ukraine, Russia, and Mexico, Malaysia will be good choice. Meanwhile, although UK does not represent a neighboring or ? home market, 15 International Business Environment II as markets in South-East Asia do, UK could be seen as an interesting market with a potential for higher margins, higher price levels and a mor e mature market for branding, technology, etc, as the UKs income per capita, and the automobile sales volume are higher than that of Malaysia.Considering the future international development, Geely should focus on UK. Therefore, at first, it is better for Geely to develop its ? producing automobile which most of people can buy strategy in Malaysia, and when Geely is able to enter high-end automobile market, UK will be a better choice. In terms of multilateral institution, after evaluating the influence of international organizations, we suggest that Malaysia is a better choice for Chinese car companies to exploit new markets. Firstly, a win-win situation guarantees a favourably corporate relationship between Geely and ASEAN (Eichengreen, 2006).Secondly, there are divers(a) quality-related requirements and constraints in EU and probably NAFTA, which puts up a strong challenge for those Asian auto makers. Moreover, by far, there is no evidence to prove the acquisition of Manganese Br onze and Volvo have considerably increased Geelys sale in developed nations. Thus considering the opportunities and threats faced by Geely, it is recommended that the company emphasizes on developing nations markets, rather than the developed markets. 5. Marketing analysis 5.1 Legal system According to Alistair Darlings pre-budget report, UK will bring new opportunities for the low-carbon industries. through and through the Innovation Investment Fund and the Carbon Trusts Venture heavy(p) scheme, UK will invest at least ? 160m in low carbon projects (Guardian, 2009). They will also invest ? 90m in the European Investment Banks new 2020 fund, which will put 6. 5 billion Euros of finance in green infrastructure projects. In this report, there are alterations to the climate change levy, company car tax, and fuel benefit charge (ibid).This is good news for Geely because now it dedicates itself to produce high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. In 16 International Business Environment II UK the amount of car tax depends on the price and the discharge amount for carbon, which is from 9% for electric motor car to 10%-35% for petrochemical car. UK also has a successful car scrappage scheme, which gives consumers a ? 2,000 discount off. If they scrap their old vehicle, it will help up to 125,000 families replace their inefficient boilers with new models (Julia, 2009).Through the governments support of low-carbon industry, Geely has more opportunities to innovate high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. Furthermore, because of the low tax and car scrappage scheme, customer is inclined to buy or change an electric motor car,. In 22nd March 2006, Malaysia promulgated the new automobile policy (MEI, 2009). Since that day, the import taxes of CBU (Complete Built Unit) are reduced from 20% to 5% for the ASEAN members and 50% to 30% for other countries. The import taxes of CKD (Completely Knock Down) are 10%.In 28th October 2009, Mustafa Mohamed announced many new policies for auto industry which will give much more preferences and subsidies for the new energy automobile companies (ibid). 5. 2 Income profile It is known that the success of Geely relies mostly on keeping low cost and fling the affordable cars. For instance, Geelys best-selling four-door sedan, the tabby Kong, has been sold 6127 in April 2010 and the retail price is between 47,800RMB 58,800RMB (Jiang, 2010). Geely sold 329,014 passenger cars in 2009, making it is the third largest domestic car producer (Zheng, 2010).However, Geelys agreeable formula is under pressure in china because Chinese consumers are becoming wealthier the higher-end models will gradually be affordable for them. Meanwhile, brands such as the Chery QQ, Ford Fiesta, and Honda Civic are threatening Geelys current market position. Geekys winning formula is also challenged at the oversea markets like UK and Malaysia. Date from HMRC (HM Revenue Customs) indicates that nearly 50% of the population in UK earns ? 16400 annu ally which is much higher than the middle class income of Malaysia.This group of population could be a dominant power in the automobile market in UK. It is not a wise choice to sell its inexpensive cars in UK considering that low price would not be 17 International Business Environment II attractive for these relatively rich citizens. The similar situation also happened in Malaysia which made Geelys low price cars less competitive. This is because that the predicted real GDP growth in 2010, 2011 and 2015 are 4. 7%, 5. 0% and 5. 0%, Malaysian people are becoming richer than before(IMF, 2010).Their increasing incomes will directly affect their car buying choice. People nowadays prefer the higher-end models and the market share of Geelys lower-end models are estimated to reduce gradually. 6. Geelys reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER First, since the middle of 2009, the sales of car exports decreased from 37940 in 2008 to 6297. Furthermore, although Geely exports to more than 50 count ries, most of them are developing countries which are not so effective in the promotion of the brand image.In order to get rid of low-end image, Geely changed its strategy from ?produce automobile which most of people can buy to ? do not produce cars which price is below 40000 Yuan (Fang, 2009). Besides, Geely take over Volvo which also evince its desire to move on the brand image. Geelys strategy changes starts in May 2007, which is focus on transforming its competitive advantage from price to technology. In 2007, Geely used three new motorcycle typeYuan Jing, King Kong and Zi You Jian, which have relatively higher value added to substitute the Haoqing, Meiri and You Liou.For doing that, Geely scraped its old molds, jigs and production line which worth up to 8 billion Yuan. In 2008, the sales of these three new auto types grew 12% without discount trade strategy (Geely annual report, 2009). Furthermore, in 2010, Geely will market 21 new auto types, and some of them were intenti onal by Fabrizio Giugiaro, the Italys famous auto manufacturer. Moreover, the new energy auto will also be produced in 2010, which will include Panda and DiHao (Wenqing, 2010). These new energy auto types have been showed in the capital of Red China car exhibition 2010 (Phoenix auto, 2010).In order to deal with these two factors, Geely also has a complementary strategy cooperate or takeover other well-known international auto manufacturers. It will not only help Geely to promote its auto manufacture technology, but also improve its brand image. Geely has already cooperated with 18 International Business Environment II Britains Manganese Bronze to produce luxurious brand-named political hack (China car Times, 2010) and assembled cars with Information Gateway Corp Sdn Bhd (IGC) in Malaysia, 2006 (Tan, 2006). 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions7. 1 ASEAN One of the stun news in 2005 was the political barriers Geely met in Malaysia, which was considered as the biggest challenge for its overseas expansion so far. Geelys President Li Shufu described Malaysia as ? an unexpected trap? because of Malaysia governments rejection on fulfilling the contract. After examining the ECLIPTER factors of Malaysia market, Li Shufu and his team regarded Malaysia as the first pillbox and cornerstone of its expansion to ASEAN countries. He believed the learning in Malaysia could be helpful.Therefore, in May 2005, Geely has made a joint contract with Malaysia IGC group for building CKD factory in Malaysia. However, Malaysia government denied the contract after a new document on automobile being published. According to the document, all cars made by foreign automobile manufacturers were prohibited to sell in Malaysia. Then the situation in Malaysia went against its expection of getting a huge sale. However, according to Geely officials, to some extent, ASEAN agreements have made Geely to reckon the importance of Malaysia (Harwit).In South East Asia nations, there are some stri ct tariff-related regulations for automobile industry. Contrarily, tariff among ASEAN countries is in a minimum rate. According to an inner-ASEAN agreement, from 2003 to 2009, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Vietnam exempted auto import tariff for each other. From 2010, all ASEAN countries will implement zero auto import tariff for each other. At the same time, Indonesia, Thailand and some other ASEAN nations demand of cars is increasing considerably (JAMA, 2008). Especially after an impressive increase in 2007, the car-sale in Indonesia becomes significantly dazzle.Therefore Geely 19 International Business Environment II planed to only manufacture cars in Malaysia and then export cars to other ASEAN countries, which seems like a forward-looking plan in a long-run development. Finally, Geely decided to move its Malaysia CKD manufacture center to Indonesia. However, its vision of leveraging ASEAN to pursue a sale performance in all ASEAN nations has not chan ged. 7. 2 EU In terms of EU regulations, since Geely has hired 100% willpower of Volvo, the Swedens company, Geely is no longer an outsider of European market.According to the EU Single market design (European Commission, 2010), a free circulation of capital, labor, goods and services between EU members is granted. Geely now have got over tariff barriers and competes as an insider. 8. Implications and Recommendations One of the strategies of Geely is to promote new energy automobile, there are two advantages for this strategy Firstly, Geely can get powerful support from government since the development of new energy is encouraged by the government.Secondly, since new energy automobile is environmental friendly goods, it not only reduces the carbon emissions, but also decreases the expenses on issue maintenance (Bond newspaper, 2010). However, there are also drawbacks, such as the inadequate facilities. Acquiring other world famous bands is the other strategy of Geely, which faci litates the companys global expansion. For instance, Volvo is well-known by its safety, which could provide Geely with a competitive advantage on its brand trust. It also provides a valuable, more upscale user image.Therefore, through merger or acquisition of international well-known brands, Geely can get greater international fame and locomote technology, integrate into the world market and attract more consumers. However, certain risks should be considered when Geely acquires Volvo. The first risk is that the culture conflicts between two countries. It has been reported that one of the hindering factors is that the union of Volvo in Sweden disagrees the acquisition for their reduced 20 International Business Environment II welfare and unemployment (Gasgoo, 2009).The second risk is that the value of acquired equity. It has been said that Volvos vaunted reputation for safety has been challenged by other manufacturers which can also provide automobiles with same safety standard. In this case Volvos ? safe? advantage may not be as competitive as before. 9. Conclusion To sum up, this essay has analyzed the ECLIPTER factors of Geelys two overseas markets, Britain and Malaysia, and examined influence of the related multilateral institutions. According to this matrix analysis, legal system and income profile have the most important impact on the auto industry.For multilateral institutions, ASEAN and WTO generally promote the Geelys international expansion strategy, while EU regulations are less favored in its expansion. Considering both ECLIPTER factors and related multilateral institutions, it is suitable for Geely to enter developing nations to acquire market share at its initial development. But for long-term development, Geely need to pay attention to investigate and develop higher-end models. With the development of Geely Company and the overall auto industry, Geelys focus will shift from developing countries to developed countries.Currently, Geelys low price strategy is challenged by the legal system and income profile of developed countries. Therefore, Geely is increasing its efforts in releasing new model cars and tapping into developed countries through merger or acquisition. Geely intends to promote its brand image and enlarge its market share through these strategic moves, although it has to face the risk of culture conflicts and the uncertainty of acquisition value. 21 International Business Environment II 10. References Azia, A. Z. (2004) Malaysia-Encouraging Saving in a Dynamic Economy Online. Available at h.